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Volhard-Harvey test: Estimation of chloride in urine:

May 30, 2017 by dramjad Leave a Comment

Chloride concentration of urine is dependent upon the amount of chloride present in the ingested food.

 Volhard-Harvey Method:

PRINCIPLE:

The chloride in the urine is precipitated as silver chloride with a measured excess of silver nitrate The excess of silver nitrate is treated With ammonium. presence of Ferric Ammonium Sulphate as an indicator.

  • 1 Concentrated HNO3,
  • 2 AgNO3 solution,
  • 3 Ammonium Thiocyanate,
  • 4 Ferric Ammonium Sulphate ( Ferric alum ).
  • 5 8% KMnO4 solution.Volhard-Harvey test

Procedure:

  • To 5ml urine in a 100ml Erlenmeyer flask add lml Conc. HN03 and few drops of Ferric Ammonium sulphate, an indicator.
  • If a red colour. is produced at this stage, add 800 KMnO4 solution drop by drOp with shaking until the colour disappears.
  • Now add slowly 10ml Silver Nitrate solution, with continuous shaking. A White precipitate of silver chloride will be formed.
  • Titrate the excess of silver nitrate left in the flask, with ammonium thiocyanate in the burette. The appearance of first permanent tinge of red brown indicates the end point.
  • Note the burette reading and calculate the amount of chloride in the urine sample.

CALCULATIONS:

  • Average volume of urine = 15OOml/day
  • Volume of urine used = 5ml
  • Volume of AgN03 used = 10ml
  • Volume of NH4CNS used =  ‘a’ ml Volume of AgNO3 used to precipitate the chloride in the urine = 10 -‘a = ‘b’ ml
  • Amount of chloride precipitated by lml AgN03 = 10mg
  • ‘b’ m1 AgNO3 Will precipitate = ‘b’ X 10 = ‘y’mg
  • Therefore, 5m1 urine contains = ‘y’ mg Cl _ as NaCl
  • 1ml urine will contain = ‘ y ’ mg Cl as NaCl/ 5
  • 1500 ml urine will contain = ‘ y’ X 1500 / 5
  • = ‘ C’ mg Cl as NaCl/day.

NORMAL RANGE:

Urinary Chloride = 7-10gm C1 as NaCl/ day.

Increased intake in diet. Drinking large volumes of water.

Decreased intake in diet. Due to excessive loss in vomiting, diarrhoea, and Profuse sweating.

During fasting. Nephritis associated with oedema.

 

Filed Under: Biochemistry Tagged With: Determination of chloride in urine, Estimation of chloride in urine, principle and procedure of chloride determination in urine, Volhard-Harvey test

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